RMD Calculator

Once a person reaches the age of 73, the IRS requires retirement account holders to withdraw a minimum amount of money each year – this amount is referred to as the Required Minimum Distribution (RMD). This calculator calculates the RMD depending on your age and account balance. The calculations are based on the IRS Publication 590-B, so the calculator is intended for residents of the United States only.

Year	Your Age	Distribution period	RMD	End of Year Balance
2026	75	24.6	$12,195.12	$302,804.88
2027	76	23.7	$12,776.58	$305,168.54
2028	77	22.9	$13,326.14	$307,100.83
2029	78	22	$13,959.13	$308,496.75
2030	79	21.1	$14,620.70	$309,300.89
2031	80	20.2	$15,311.93	$309,454.01
2032	81	19.4	$15,951.24	$308,975.47
2033	82	18.5	$16,701.38	$307,722.86
2034	83	17.7	$17,385.47	$305,723.54
2035	84	16.8	$18,197.83	$302,811.88
2036	85	16	$18,925.74	$299,026.73
2037	86	15.2	$19,672.81	$294,305.26
2038	87	14.4	$20,437.87	$288,582.66
2039	88	13.7	$21,064.43	$281,947.36
2040	89	12.9	$21,856.38	$274,188.35
2041	90	12.2	$22,474.45	$265,423.31
2042	91	11.5	$23,080.29	$255,614.19
2043	92	10.8	$23,667.98	$244,726.92
2044	93	10.1	$24,230.39	$232,732.87
2045	94	9.5	$24,498.20	$219,871.32
2046	95	8.9	$24,704.64	$206,160.24
2047	96	8.4	$24,542.89	$191,925.37
2048	97	7.8	$24,605.82	$176,915.82
2049	98	7.3	$24,235.04	$161,526.57
2050	99	6.8	$23,753.91	$145,848.99
2051	100	6.4	$22,788.90	$130,352.53
2052	101	6	$21,725.42	$115,144.74
2053	102	5.6	$20,561.56	$100,340.42
2054	103	5.2	$19,296.23	$86,061.20
2055	104	4.9	$17,563.51	$72,800.75
2056	105	4.6	$15,826.25	$60,614.54
2057	106	4.3	$14,096.40	$49,548.86
2058	107	4.1	$12,085.09	$39,941.22
2059	108	3.9	$10,241.34	$31,696.94
2060	109	3.7	$8,566.74	$24,715.05
2061	110	3.5	$7,061.44	$18,889.36
2062	111	3.4	$5,555.69	$14,278.13
2063	112	3.3	$4,326.71	$10,665.33
2064	113	3.1	$3,440.43	$7,758.17
2065	114	3	$2,586.06	$5,560.02
2066	115	2.9	$1,917.25	$3,920.77
2067	116	2.8	$1,400.28	$2,716.54
2068	117	2.7	$1,006.12	$1,846.24
2069	118	2.5	$738.50	$1,200.05
2070	119	2.3	$521.76	$738.29
2071	120	2	$369.15	$406.06

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RMDs: Required Minimum Distributions

A required minimum distribution (RMD) is the minimum amount the IRS mandates you to withdraw from certain tax-deferred retirement accounts. The specific amount varies based on your account balance and life expectancy as determined by the IRS. As you withdraw your RMD, you will also pay taxes. (Note that RMDs are just that: required minimum distributions. So, if you need to pull more money from your accounts after reaching retirement age, you can.)

Important Dates for Taking RMDs

You're required to take your first RMD by April 1^st in the calendar year after you turn 73. This age was increased from 72 due to the passage of the SECURE Act 2.0 in December 2022. It is scheduled to increase again to 75 in 2033. Prior to 2019, the RMD age was 70.5. It was then increased to 72 due to the passage of the SECURE Act in 2019.

Technically RMDs are due every December 31, but the IRS allows you to delay the first withdrawal. If you take this route, you'll have to take a second RMD before December 31. Taking two RMDs in one year creates two taxable events – and might even push you into a higher tax bracket.

For every calendar year after you take a distribution, you have to withdraw your entire RMD by December 31. This deadline offers flexibility in determining when and how much you withdraw (as long as you meet your RMD amount by the end of the year).

Example:

After turning 73 in 2026, you can take your first RMD in 2026 or delay it until April 1^st of 2027. You still need to take your second RMD by December 31, 2027, and withdraw RMDs every calendar year after that by December 31.

How to Delay RMD Deadlines

The IRS gives retirees a break after they turn 73 by allowing you to delay your first withdrawal until April 1 of the next year. Another way to delay your RMD is by continuing employment at the company that sponsors your retirement account after your 73^rd birthday. Assuming you own less than 5% of the company in question, you can delay your first RMD until retirement.

That said, you'll still have to take RMDs from any other retirement accounts you have, such as IRA account. And once you leave the company, the RMD mandate kicks in for that account, too.

How RMDs are Calculated

Calculating your RMD follows these steps based on IRS guidelines

1. Determine the individual retirement account balance as of December 31 of the prior year
2. Find the distribution period (or "life expectancy") that corresponds to your age on the appropriate IRS table
3. Divide #1 by #2 to determine your RMD amount

However, the exact IRS table you'll need depends on your marital or inheritance situation. (You can find these life expectancy tables in the IRS's Publication 590-B; we've also included them below.)

If you're...

• Married to a spouse less than ten years younger than you: You'll use the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table.
• Married to a spouse over ten years younger and they're your sole beneficiary: You'll use the IRS Joint Life and Last Survivor Expectancy Table instead.

While this method makes it possible to calculate your RMD by hand, our RMD calculator simplifies the process even more. Just input the required information and we'll do the hard work for you!

What Retirement Accounts do RMDs Apply to?

Most tax-advantaged and defined contribution retirement accounts impose RMD requirements. These include:

• Traditional IRAs
• SEP IRAs
• SIMPLE IRAs
• Rollover IRAs
• Traditional 401(k) plans
• Most 403(b) and 457(b) plans
• Variable annuities held in an IRA ("qualified annuities")
• Profit-sharing plans
• Small business retirement accounts

One important outlier is the Roth IRA: because contributions are made with after‑tax money, the account holder usually isn’t forced to take a required minimum distribution while alive; the obligation only arises after death. We'll look at the few situations where a distribution might still be required, such as inherited Roth IRAs. Generally, accounts passed to a surviving spouse follow the same rules as the original owner, whereas non‑spouse inheritors are subject to different requirements.

Do I Have to Calculate My RMD for Every Account?

Yes. If you have several retirement accounts, like multiple traditional IRAs and 403(b)s from different employers, you'll need to calculate your RMDs for each account individually.

However, you may be able to combine your total RMD from the same type of account and withdraw a consolidated distribution from one or more accounts (again of the same type). Depending on your plan, you have the following options:

• For Traditional IRAs you must determine the RMD for each account individually, yet you may take the combined amount from one or more Traditional IRA accounts.
• Each 401(k) plan must have its RMD computed and taken on its own.
• With 403(b) plans you also calculate the RMD per account, but you are allowed to pull the entire sum from any one or multiple 403(b) accounts.
• When you inherit retirement accounts from several different benefactors, the balances must be treated separately; however, multiple accounts from the same benefactor can be aggregated.

Taking money out of a Roth IRA never counts toward satisfying the RMD, because those distributions are not subject to tax. Moreover, withdrawing more than the required minimum does not lower the amount you’ll need to take in future years.

What Happens If You Don't Take RMDs?

As the "R" in RMD stands for "required," it's no surprise that there are penalties for failing to take your distributions.

To push retirees to meet their distribution obligations, the IRS imposes a 25% penalty on any amount that isn’t withdrawn. If the shortfall is corrected within a two‑year correction period, the penalty can be reduced to 10%. For example, a $1,000 miss would trigger a $250 penalty, unless the correction window applies, in which case the charge drops to $100.

You are not forced to follow a strict timetable for taking your RMD. The only requirement is that the total amount for the year be withdrawn by December 31, allowing you to spread the distributions over the months or take them in one lump sum, as long as the annual minimum is satisfied.

RMDs and Taxes

The government enforces RMD rules so that taxpayers cannot ignore their deferred‑tax accounts. Because the assets have grown tax‑free for years, the IRS treats each distribution as a taxable event. (Roth withdrawals are generally tax‑free since the contributions were already taxed.)

RMDs are taxed as ordinary income at both federal and state levels, meaning they add to your total taxable earnings for the year. Keep in mind that the added income could push you into a higher bracket, especially if you have other earnings or withdrawals.

Brokerage Reporting Requirements for RMDs

The IRS mandates that brokerage firms, custodians and trustees must provide RMD calculations for account holders, and this obligation also extends to administrators of employer‑sponsored plans such as 401(k)s.

However, the IRS also stipulates that RMD calculations and withdrawals are ultimately the taxpayer's responsibility.

If your broker or custodian makes an error, you may still be responsible for any penalties. While the IRS can waive penalties for reasonable mistakes, there is no guarantee of relief.

That's why we recommend calculating your own RMDs for each account, each year – just to be on the safe side.

Inherited RMDs

When you inherit a retirement account that has RMDs like an IRA, the rules vary based on your relationship with the original owner or the type of account.

Ten Year Distribution Rule

For beneficiaries who are not a spouse, the SECURE Act (effective 2019) requires the entire IRA balance to be distributed within ten years of the original owner’s death, ending the previous stretch‑distribution option based on the beneficiary’s life expectancy.

However, exceptions exist for eligible designated beneficiaries:

• Surviving spouses (covered above)
• Minor children
• Disabled or chronically ill persons
• Persons less than ten years younger than the original account owner

Generally, these individuals may delay or stretch RMDs, though the length of time varies.

Inheriting IRAs as a Spouse

Spouses who inherit a deceased partner's IRA may roll the funds into their own IRA to keep saving.

Another option for a surviving spouse is to transfer the assets into an Inherited IRA, which follows a distinct set of payout regulations. When you, as a spouse, hold an Inherited IRA, you are able to:

• Delay RMDs until December 31 of the year after your spouse's death if they were over 72
• Delay RMDs until your spouse would have turned 72 if they were under 72

Inheriting Roth IRAs as a Spouse

A Roth IRA offers multiple tax benefits, including the exemption from required minimum distributions during your retirement years. Yet this advantage disappears once the account passes to an heir after your death.

A surviving spouse may treat an inherited Roth IRA as their own, eliminating any RMD obligations. In practice, most spouses opt to promptly roll the inherited balance into their personal Roth IRA.

Inheriting Roth IRAs as a Non-Spouse

Beneficiaries who are not spouses face stricter rules. When a non‑spouse inherits a Roth IRA, the SECURE Act mandates that the entire balance be withdrawn within ten years.

Inherited 401(k) RMD Rules

The rules are also different for inheriting a deceased person's 401(k). Because these get complicated fast, it's often wise to hire a financial advisor or an attorney specializing in inheritance laws to navigate these situations.

Statutorily, a 401(k) can only be passed to a spouse unless the participant was unmarried or the spouse waives the right. Upon inheriting a 401(k), the plan may allow you to keep the assets inside, demand an immediate cash‑out, or spread withdrawals over up to five years, based on its specific rules.

Another option is to roll 401(k) assets into an Inherited IRA, in which case the above RMD rules apply.

Keep in mind that these statements are broad strokes; individual state statutes and employer plan provisions can alter 401(k) inheritance treatment. Moreover, sizable estates may be subject to additional tax regulations that influence how distributions are handled.

Minimizing Taxes on RMDs

To sidestep taxes on mandatory withdrawals, look into Roth IRAs or Roth 401(k)s. Contributions to these accounts are taxed beforehand, so future distributions are generally tax‑free. Although Roth 401(k)s are subject to RMDs, rolling them into a Roth IRA removes that requirement.

A further strategy to reduce the tax bite of RMDs is to make a qualified charitable distribution (QCD). By directing your whole required amount to a qualified charity, you meet the RMD obligation and simultaneously lower your taxable income.

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